THE GERUND

THE GERUND

 Noun ကဲ႕သို႕ အသံုး ၿပဳ ေသာ V-ing ပံုစံ ကို Gerund ဟုေခၚသည္။ “--ၿခင္း” သို႕ မဟုတ္ “----မွဳ “ ဟု အဓိပၸါယ္ ရ သည္။

 ဥပမာ။ ။      Verb                     Gerund          အဓိပၸါယ္

                     walk                walking         လမ္းေလွ်ာက္ၿခင္း

                   read                   reading             စာဖတ္ၿခင္း

                    sing                  singing            သီခ်င္းဆိုၿခင္း

                     speak               speaking            စကားေၿပာၿခင္း

 Remark ။ ။ Gerund သည္ Uncountable Noun မ်ားၿဖစ္သည္။

ARTICLES ( a , an , the )

 # a , an ကိုမတိက်ေသာ၊ တိတိက်က်မသိရေသးေသာ Countable Noun/ Singular Number ေရွ႕ တြင္ သံုးသည္။

 ဥပမာ။ ။ a book , an apple , an aeroplane , a man , a kite # ‘an’ ကို a,e,i,o,u မွသရတစ္လံု း ႏွင္႕ အစၿပဳေသာ Singular Numberေရွ႕တြင္လည္းေကာင္း၊ a,e,i,o,u ႏွင္႕မစေသာ္လည္း ‘အ’ အသံထြက္ေသာ ‘Singular Number’ ေရွ႕တြင္လည္းေကာင္း သံုးသည္။

ဥပမာ။ ။ an orange , an umbrella , an ox , an animal ,an elephant , an ice – cream , an hour , an honest man , an M.A student # a,e,i,o,u ႏွင္႕လည္းမစေသာ၊ ‘အ’ သံလည္းမထြက္ေသာ Singular Number မ်ား၏ေရွ႕တြင္ ’a’ကိုသံုးသည္။

 ဥပမာ။ ။ a book , a teacher , a tiger , a used car , #တိတိက်က်သိၿပီးေသာ Noun ၏ေရွ႕တြင္ the ကိုသံုးသည္။ Singular (or) Plural Number အားလံုးအတြက္သံုးသည္။ မတိက်ရင္- an,a တိက်ရင္-the The ကိုသံုးသည္႕ေနရာမ်ား....

 (A)ဒုတိယအႀကိမ္ထပ္မံေဖာ္ၿပသည္႕Nounေရွ႕တြင္လည္းေကာင္း.......

 ဥပမာ။ ။ I saw a cow . The cow was white. (B)သိၿပီးေသာသူသို႕မဟုတ္သိၿပီးေသာအေႀကာင္းအရာကိုရည္ၫႊန္းေၿပာဆိုသည္႕အခါတြင္လည္း ေကာင္း-

ဥပမာ။ ။ The boy in the corner is my friend . 

(c)အမ်ားသိၿပီးေသာ သို႕မဟုတ္ ကမၻာေပၚတြင္တစ္ခုတည္းသာရွိေသာNounေရွ႕ တြင္လည္းေကာင္း-

ဥပမာ။ ။ the moon , the earth , the sun ,............. 

(D)ေနရာေဒသတစ္ခုတြင္ တစ္မ်ိဳးတည္းသာရွိေသာNounေရွ႕တြင္လည္းေကာင္း-

ဥပမာ။ ။ The University of Florida , Father is working in the garden . 

(E) morning , afternoon , evening ,တို႕၏ေရွ႕တြင္လည္းေကာင္း-

ဥပမာ။ ။ in the morning , in the afternoon , in the evening , 

(F)–est , mostပါေသာ Adjective တို႕၏ေရွ႕တြင္လည္းေကာင္း-

ဥပမာ။ ။ the most beautiful girl, the biggest house ,.......... 

(G)fist , second , last , onlyစေသာစကားလံုးတို႕၏ေရွ႕တြင္လည္းေကာင္း-

ဥပမာ။ ။ the first prize , the last month , the only one dirty dress , ......... # ကိုယ္ပိုင္အမည္၏ေရွ႕တြင္the မသံုးရ။ 

(a) Yangon is the capital of Myanmar.

 (b)Newtown was a great philosopher.

 (c)Maung Maung is a student. ## school,church, bed , collerge, table, hospital,market,prison တို႕ေရွ႕တြင္ the မသံုးရ။သံုးလွ်င္အဓိပၸါယ္ေၿပာင္းသြားတတ္သည္။

(a)He goes to school . သူသည္ေက်ာင္းသို႕သြားသည္။(စာသင္ရန္)

(b)He goes to the school . သူသည္ေက်ာင္းသို႕သြားသည္။(စာသင္ရန္မဟုတ္ဘဲ အၿခားကိစၥ တစ္ခုခုအတြက္သြားၿခင္း)

We go to church on Sunday . (၀တ္ၿပဳရန္သြားၿခင္း)

I met him at the church. ( ၀တ္ၿပဳရန္မဟုတ္ဘဲ အၿခားကိစၥ တစ္ခုခုအတြက္သြားၿခင္း) 

EXERCISE(2) Complete the following sentences by filling ‘a’ or ‘an’ or ‘the’ as may be suitable. (1)--------able man has not always a distinguished look.

 (2)Honest man speak --------truth.

 (3)He is not ------------honourable man. 

(4)The world is ------------ wonderful lamp.

 (5)---------sun shines brightly .

 (6)Yesterday --------European came at my office. 

(7)Ma Ni got ---------- best present.

 (8)French is ------------ easy language.

 (9)Which is ----------- longest river in Myanmar ?

 (10) The children found ------------- egg in the nest. 

(11) She is --------- untidy girl. 

(12) U Ba has come without -------------- umbrella .

 (13)----------lion is --------- king of beast .

 (14)Ceylon is ----------island .

 (15)Do you see ----------- blue sky ?

 (16)My uncle is still in ---------hospital. Noun